Schizophrenia, Spirituality, and Religion

Roni Subagyo(1*), Dewi Pratiwi(2), Devi Eka Ramadhani(3), Hasan Hasan(4), Sista Diahlaksmi(5), Salsabillah Kemangi Urrachman(6)


(1) Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(2) Student of Faculty Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(3) Student of Faculty Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(4) School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(5) Department of Psychiatry, Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(6) Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background:  The impact of religion and spirituality on schizophrenia patients' lives is significant yet understudied. Religion can provide hope and purpose but also lead to spiritual distress and delusions. It influences psychopathology, social integration, and treatment outcomes, serving as an effective tool in managing the illness.

Objective: This review assesses the link between schizophrenia, spirituality, and religion.

Methods: The study utilized electronic searches on schizo-phrenics, mental health, religion, religiosity, religious practices, and spirituality using PubMed and Google Scholar. Relevant articles were identified, including those assessing religion and caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Additionally, textbooks related to schizo-phrenia, religion, and spirituality were included.

Results: Religion, faith, and spirituality intertwine as integral aspects of human experience, influencing beliefs, behaviors, and mental health. Recognizing their significance, clinicians must navigate their role in patient care while respecting diverse beliefs. The interaction between religiosity and schizophrenia presents complexities, impacting treatment adherence and outcomes, necessitating a holistic approach to psychiatric care.

Conclusion: Religion significantly impacts individuals, including those with psychosis, offering both support and complexities in mental health. Clinicians must acknowledge and address religious aspects sensitively, as they can influence coping mechanisms but also pose risks such as non-adherence to treatment and potential for harm. Integrating religious considerations into clinical practice is crucial for providing holistic mental health care.


Keywords


Schizophrenia; Spirituality; Religion

Full Text:

PDF

References


World Health Organization (WHO). Schizophrenia [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 April 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/ factsheets/detail/schizophrenia 2022.

Alda S, K H, F N. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kekambuhan pada Pasien Skizofrenia. J Penelit Perawat Prof [Internet]. 2024;6(1). Available from: http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP

Dipiro JT. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach 11th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2022.

Kemenkes. Situasi Kesehatan Jiwa Di Indonesia [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://media.neliti.com/media/ publications/465334-effect-of-insight-on-the-healing-process-7f576ebb.pdf

Yudhantara DS, Istiqomah R. Sinopsis Skizofrenia Untuk Mahasiswa Kedok-teran. [Internet]. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press; 2018. Available from: https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Sinopsis_Skizofrenia.html?id=ZOJqDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Picchioni MM, Murray RM. Schizo-phrenia. BMJ. 2007;335(7610):91–95.

Grover S, Davuluri T, Chakrabarti S. Religion, Spirituality, and Schizophrenia: A Review. Indian J Psychol Med [Internet]. 2014;36(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031576/

Waggoner M. Culture and Religion. In P. B. Clarke (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Sociology of Religion. In Oxford University Press; 2011.

Endin N, J U. Psikologi Agama dan Spiritualitas : Memahami Perilaku Beragama dalam Perspektif Psikologi. Lagood’s Publishing;

Rochanah. Agama Sebagai Upaya Mengembalikan Kesehatan Mental Santri Penderita Skizofrenia (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Darus Syifa Wedung Demak). J IAIN Kudus [Internet]. 2019; Available from: https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/jurnalPenelitian/article/view/6035

Keshavan MS, Srihari VH, Reddy R. Schizophrenia : A Practical Primer. Second Edi. Taylor & Francis; 2024.

Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka B. The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach. Guilford Publications; 2018.

Lucchetti G, Koenig H, Lucchetti A. Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World J Clin Cases [Internet]. 2021;9(26):7620–7631. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8462234/

Culliford L. Spirituality and clinical care. BMJ [Internet]. 2002;325:1434–5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12493652/

The Fetzer Institute. Multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spir ituality for use in health research: US Department of Health and Human Services. 1999.

Skevington SM, Gunson KS, O'Connell KA. Introducing the WHOQOL-SRPB BREF: developing a short-form instrument for assessing spiritual, religious and personal beliefs within quality of life. Qual Life Res [Internet]. 2013;22(5):1073–83. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22836375/

Anandarajah G, Hight E. Spirituality and medical practice: using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2001;63:81–9.

Basri H. Psikologi dan Agama [Internet]. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar; 2016. Available from: https://perpustakaan.cirebonkab.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=28394

Mohr S, Borras L, Nolan J, Gillieron C, Eytan PYBA, Leclerc C, et al. Spirituality and religion in outpatients with schizophrenia: a multi-site comparative study of Switzerland, Canada, and the United States. Int J Psychiatry Med [Internet]. 2012;44(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23356092/

Gearing RE, Alonzo D, Smolak A, McHugh K, Harmon S, Baldwin S. Association of religion with delusions and hallucinations in the context of schizophrenia: implications for engagement and adherence. Schizophr Res [Internet]. 2011;126(1–3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 21131180/

Mohr S, Brandt PY, Borras L, Gilliéron C, Huguelet P. Toward an integration of spirituality and religiousness into the psychosocial dimension of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2006;163(11). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17074947/

Fallot RD. Spirituality and religion in recovery: Some current issues. [Internet]. Eds., D.Veste, Mueser KT, editors. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. Available from: https://scholar-google-com.translate.goog/scholar_lookup?title=Spirituality+and+religion&author=R.D.+Fallot&publication_year=2008&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc

McCormack J, Miller R. Faith and religious delusions in first episode schizophrenia. Soc Work Ment Heal [Internet]. 2006;22(3):37–50. Available from: https://www-tandfonline-com.translate.goog/doi/abs/10.1300/J200v04n04_03?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc

Kulhara P, Avasthi A, Sharma A. Magico-religious beliefs in schizophrenia: a study from north India. Psychopathology [Internet]. 2000;32(2):62–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 10705248/

Padmavati R, Thara R, Corin E. A qualitative study of religious practices by chronic mentally ill and their caregivers in South India. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2005;51(2):139–49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 16048243/

Huang CLC, Shan CY, Shieh MS, Lin HN, Su JCJ. The interactions between religion, religiosity, religious delusion/ hallucination, and treatment-seeking behavior among schizophrenic patients in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2011;187(3):347–53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20691483/

Nolan JA, McEvoy JP, Koenig HG, Hooten EG, Whetten K, Pieper CF. Religious Coping and Quality of LifefAmong Individuals Living With Schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv [Internet]. 2012;63(10). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760767/

Cohen CI, Jimenez C, Mittal S. The role of religion in the well-being of older adults with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv [Internet]. 2010;61(9):917–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 20810591/

Mohr S, Perroud N, Gillieron C, Pierre-Yves Brandt, Isabelle Rieben, Laurence Borras, et al. Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2011;186(2–3):177–182. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20869123/

Triveni D, Grover S, Chakrabarti S. Religiosity among patients with schizophrenia: An exploratory study. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017;59(4):420–428. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5806320/

Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol [Internet]. 2003;58(1):64–74. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12674819/

Association. AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [Internet]. V. Arlington VA: AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING; 2013. Available from: https://repository.poltekkes-kaltim.ac.id/657/1/Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders _ DSM-5 ( PDFDrive.com ).pdf

Borras L, Mohr S, Brandt PY, Gilliéron C, Eytan A, Huguelet P. Religious Beliefs in Schizophrenia: Their Relevance for Adherence to Treatment. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2007;33(5). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632364/

Ernawati, Samsualam S. Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Terapi Spiritual Terhadap Kemampuan Pasien Mengontrol Perilaku Kekerasan. kesehatan [Internet]. 2020;3(1). Available from: http://jurnal.fkmumi.ac.id/index.php/woh/article/view/woh3106

Septiarini, Verlyanita K, Sulistiowati NMD, Widyanthari DM. Hubungan antara Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Spiritual dengan Tingkat Status Mental pada Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ). J Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa. 2018;1(2):69.


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 67 times
PDF - 20 times

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.11.2.2024.240-250

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by

 

      

 

Creative Commons License

MAGNA MEDIKA by APKKM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.