Kajian Literatur: Gambaran Harga Diri Korban Perundungan pada Anak Remaja
(1) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura
(2) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Lingkungan sekolah menjadi salah satu tempat mencuatnya kasus perundungan. Remaja yang merupakan korban perundungan memiliki kecenderungan mengalami penurunan harga diri. Kondisi ini apabila diabaikan dan terjadi terus menerus akan berdampak ke paling serius. Studi ini bertujuan mengidinetifikasi gambaran harga diri korban perundungan menggunakan metode kajian literatur dengan framework SPIDER. Proses review artikel diperoleh dari beberapa pangkalan data seperti Google Scholar, Garuda, Neliti, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Sage, Research Gate, EBSCO. Teknik analisis hasil berupa analisis kontem yang menggunakan metode PRISMA. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisa ekstraksi artikel temuan utama dari telaah literatur sebanyak 12 artikel dari 39.721 artikel pada tahun 2020-2024 melaporkan bahwa korban perundungan pada remaja merasakan penurunan harga diri mulai dari level rendah hingga sedang yang diidentifikasi secara kuantitaif maupun kualitatif. Perundungan dapat terjadi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Korban maupun pelaku perundungan memiliki perbedaan tingkat harga diri yang terlihat dalam aspek harga diri korban perundungan. Remaja laki-laki maupun perempuan sama-sama berisiko menjadi korban perundungan. korban perundungan yang mengalami harga diri rendah rentan merasakan perubahan kognitif, afektif, psikomotor, fisologis, perilaku, sosial hingga terjadinya depresi, alextymia serta kecenderungan NSSI. Perundungan jenis verbal, resiliensi, keterampilan sosial serta tritmen seperti instruksi diri memiliki pengaruh pada korban perundungan. Instrumen korban perundungan paling banyak digunakan adalah Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire(OBVQ) dan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) sebagai instrumen harga diri paling banyak digunakan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.12.3.2024.525-536
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