Pendekatan Holistik dalam Keperawatan Jiwa Masyarakat: Systematic Literature Review

Elisa Adelia do Carmo(1), Judika Rubi Marta Sirait(2), Khrisna Wisnusakti(3*)


(1) Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
(2) Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
(3) Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kesehatan jiwa merupakan bagian integral dari kesejahteraan individu dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Gangguan jiwa, seperti depresi, kecemasan, dan skizofrenia, terus meningkat secara global, termasuk di Indonesia, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti stigma sosial, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan pendekatan perawatan yang belum sepenuhnya holistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas pendekatan holistik dalam keperawatan jiwa berbasis komunitas, dengan fokus pada peran perawat, tantangan implementasi, serta rekomendasi kebijakan dan praktik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA, menganalisis studi dari berbagai database ilmiah seperti PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Garuda, dan Neliti. Dari total 500 studi yang diidentifikasi, sebanyak 19 studi dengan kualitas tinggi dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan holistik dalam keperawatan jiwa, yang mencakup aspek fisik, mental, sosial, dan spiritual, berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pemulihan pasien, peningkatan keterlibatan keluarga, serta penguatan sistem dukungan berbasis komunitas. Namun, tantangan utama dalam implementasi pendekatan ini meliputi keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan, kurangnya pelatihan perawat dalam asuhan holistik, serta hambatan struktural dalam kebijakan kesehatan mental. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi penguatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, integrasi konsep holistik dalam pendidikan keperawatan, serta kebijakan yang mendukung layanan kesehatan jiwa berbasis komunitas guna meningkatkan efektivitas perawatan.

Keywords


Pendekatan holistik,keperawatan jiwa, kesehatan mental masyarakat, pelayanan keperawatan jiwa, komunitas, intervensi holistik, kesejahteraan mental.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.13.3.2025.636-651

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