Kejadian Depresi dan Bunuh Diri pada Penderita Toksoplasmosis

Samuel Gunawan Hutajulu(1*), Margaretha Carolina Hutajulu(2)


(1) University of Lampung
(2) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Infeksi parasit Toxoplasma gondii telah menjangkiti hampir seluruh penduduk di dunia. Gejala toksoplasmosis yang muncul pada individu beresiko seperti bayi, ibu hamil dan penderita imunokompromais ternyata dapat muncul juga pada individu imunokompeten. Ookista yang menimbulkan toksoplasmosis kronis di otak, mampu memengaruhi sistem saraf dan kejiwaan penderitanya. Banyak bukti yang menunjukkan hubungan antara munculnya afek depresi pada individu dengan peningkatan serum anti toksoplasma. Depresi yang berkepanjangan tanpa intervensi tenaga medis, baik terapi farmakologi maupun terapi non-farmakologi memunculkan pikiran bunuh diri pada penderita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguraikan dampak dari penyakit toksoplasmosis yang tidak ditangani sehingga memunculkan berbagai macam gangguan psikiatri khususnya depresi dan bunuh diri. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil dari penelaahan pustaka dengan metode pencarian literatur yang dilakukan di internet dan buku teks berdasarkan pertanyaan mengenai patofisiologi penyakit toksoplasmosis yang terjadi dalam struktur anatomi sistem saraf pusat-perifer dan jalur neurotransmitter sehingga berakibat pada depresi dan ingin bunuh diri. Sumber pustaka terbaru dalam jangka waktu 15 tahun terakhir berjumlah 27 buah. Sebagai kesimpulan didapatkan gangguan keseimbangan neurotransmitter dopamin, serotonin dan glutamat serta perubahan pada kerusakan sel glial, amigdala dan korteks prefrontal yang menyebabkan perubahan suasana hati depresif pada penderita toksoplasmosis kronis.

 

Kata kunci : bunuh diri, depresi, inflamasi, neurotransmiter, toksoplasmosis

 

EVENT OF DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE IN PEOPLE WITH TOXOPLASMOSIS

 

ABSTRACT

The parasitic infection of Toxoplasma gondii has infected almost population in the world. The fact that toxoplasmosis arises in at-risk persons such as infants, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients can also appear in immunocompetent individuals. Oocysts causes’ chronic toxoplasmosis in the brain, can affect the patient’s nervous system and psychiatric. There is a lot of evidence shows the relationship between emergence of depression’s affect in person with an increase of serum anti-toxoplasma. Prolonged depression without intervention from medical personnel, both pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological therapy, raises thoughts of suicide in the patients. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of toxoplasmosis which is not handled up so as bring up variety of psychiatric problems specifically depression and suicide. This paper is the result of a literature review using a literature search method on the internet and textbook conduction by questions about the pathophysiology of the disease that occurs in the anatomy of the central-peripheral nervous system and neurotransmitters that cause depression and commit to suicide. The latest sources of literature in the last 15 years replacement of 27 sources. In conclusion, disorders of the neurotransmitter dopamine, serotonin and glutamate balance and changes in glial cell, amygdala and prefrontal cortex may cause changes in patients mood with chronic toxoplasmosis.

 

Keywords : suicide, depression, inflammation, neurotransmitter, toxoplasmosis


Keywords


Bunuh Diri, Depresi, Inflamasi, Neurotransmiter, Toksoplasmosis

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.7.3.2019.323-332

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