Side effect of using N95 mask on oxygen saturation, respiration rate and pulse rate of health workers in Jakarta

Shenda Maulina Wulandari(1*), Apriana Rahmawati(2), Ulfa Nur Rohmah(3), Harizza Pertiwi(4)


(1) Binawan University
(2) Binawan University
(3) STIKES Yayasan RS Husada Jakarta
(4) Binawan University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The new normal era brings people new habits, one of which is wearing masks. The particulate respirator N95 mask (N95 mask) is the mask with the highest filtration, but there are some complaints regarding its use, one of which is difficulty breathing. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of using an N95 mask on oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR). This study uses a convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 60 respondents. The research design used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre and post-test design. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test with p <0.0001, which means that there are differences in the results of SpO2, RR, and PR before and after using the N95 mask. Suggestions for health workers and policymakers in Indonesia to be able to apply the maximum hours of using N95 masks so that health workers avoid illness, disability, or discomfort which can maintain optimal performance.

Keywords


N95 mask; SpO2; Respiration rate; Pulse rate; COVID-19

Full Text:

PDF

References


Manerkar HU, Nagarsekar A, Gaunkar RB, Dhupar V, Khorate M. Assessment of Hypoxia and Physiological Stress Evinced by Usage of N95 Masks Among Frontline Dental Healthcare Workers In A Humid Western Coastal Region of India - A repeated Measure Observational Study. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2021;25:209–14.

Satgas Covid-19. Monitoring Kepatuhan Protokol Kesehatan 2021. https://covid19.go.id/monitoring-kepatuhan-protokol-kesehatan (accessed January 25, 2022).

3M. 3MTM Particulate Respirator 8210V, N95 80 EA/Case 2022. https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/p/d/v000057815/ (accessed January 25, 2022).

SAGES. N95 Mask Re-use Strategies. SAGES Webmaster 2020:1–6. https://www.sages.org/n-95-re-use-instructions/ (accessed January 27, 2022).

Choudhury A, Singh M, Khurana DK, Mustafi SM, Ganapathy U, Kumar A, et al. Physiological Effects of N95 FFP and PPE in Healthcare Workers in COVID Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study 2020. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23671.

Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Rapone B, Festa F, Tari SR, Lorusso F. Protective Face Masks: Effect on The Oxygenation and Heart Rate Status of Oral Surgeons During Surgery. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052363.

Hafen BB, Sharma S. Oxygen Saturation. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2021.

WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Masks 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks (accessed January 25, 2022).

Mahmood SU, Crimbly F, Khan S, Choudry E, Mehwish S. Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During The COVID-19 Crisis. Cureus 2020;12. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8248.

CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Implementing Filtering Facepiece Respirator (FFR) Reuse, Including Reuse after Decontamination, When There Are Known Shortages of N95 Respirators How to determine if an N95 FFR crisis capacity strategy is needed 2020:1–17.

Aswad Y, Loleh S. Effect of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on Oxygen Saturation and Dehydration Status in COVID-19 Nurses in Gorontalo Province. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2021;819. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/819/1/012086.

Jafari E, Togha M, Kazemizadeh H, Haghighi S, Nasergivehchi S, Saatchi M, et al. Evaluation of Headache Associated with Personal Protective Equipment During COVID-19. Brain Behav 2021;11. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2435.

Choudhury A, Singh M, Khurana DK, Mustafi SM, Ganapathy U, Kumar A, et al. Physiological Effects of N95 FFP and PPE in Healthcare Workers in COVID Intensive Care Unit. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020;24:1169–73. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23671.

Cohen ER, Peña S, Misztal C, Iglesias T, Mantero A, Dinh CT, et al. N95 vs Half-face Respirator Wear in Surgical Trainees Physiologic and Psychological Effects of Prolonged Use. Sage Publishing 2021;5(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974X211065437.

Kampert M, Singh T, Sahoo D, Han X, Van Iterson EH. Effects of Wearing An N95 Respirator or Cloth Mask Among Adults At Peak Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15219.

Shein SL, Whitticar S, Mascho KK, Pace E, Speicher R, Deakins K. The Effects of Wearing Facemasks on Oxygenation and Ventilation at Rest and During Physical Activity. PLoS One 2021;16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247414.

Kim JH, Benson SM, Roberge RJ. Pulmonary and Heart Rate Responses to Wearing N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. Am J Infect Control 2013;41:24–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.037.

Budi DBS, Maulana R, Fitriyah H. Sistem Deteksi Gejala Hipoksia Berdasarkan Saturasi Oksigen Dengan Detak Jantung Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Berbasis Arduino. Jurnal Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer 2019;3:1925–33.

Astuti WT, Marhamah E, Diniyah N. Penerapan Terapi Inhalasi Nebulizer Untuk Mengatasi Bersihan Jalan Napas Pada Pasien Brokopneumonia. Jurnal Keperawatan Karya Bhakti 2019;5:7–13.

Yulia A, Dahrizal D, Lestari W. Pengaruh Nafas Dalam dan Posisi Terhadap Saturasi Oksigen dan Frekuensi Nafas Pada Pasien Asma. Jurnal Keperawatan Raflesia 2019;1:67–75. https://doi.org/10.33088/jkr.v1i1.398.

Rashid TU, Sharmeen S, Biswas S. Effectiveness of N95 Masks against SARS-CoV-2: Performance Efficiency, Concerns, and Future Directions. Cite This: ACS Chem Health Saf 2022;29:135–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.1c00016.

Collins BS AP, Service BC, Gupta S, Mubarak MPH N, Mamdouh Zeini I, Osbahr DC, et al. Infectious Disease N95 respirator and surgical mask effectiveness against respiratory viral illnesses in the healthcare setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JACEPOpen 2021;2:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12582.

Atmojo JT, Iswahyuni S, Rejo R, Setyorini C, Puspitasary K, Ernawati H, et al. Penggunaan Masker dalam Pencegahan dan Penanganan Covid-19: Rasionalitas, Efektivitas, dan Isu Terkini. Avicenna : Journal of Health Research 2020;3:84–95. https://doi.org/10.36419/avicenna.v3i2.420.

Gelardi M, Fiore V, Giancaspro R, Gatta E la, Fortunato F, Resta O, et al. Surgical Mask and N95 in Healthcare Workers of Covid-19 Departments: Clinical and Social Aspects. Acta Biomed 2020;91:2020171. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.10660.

Elisheva R. Adverse Effects of Prolonged Mask Use among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology 2020;6:1–5. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510130.

Wojtasz I, Cofta S, Czudaj P, Jaracz K, Ka´zmierski RK. Effect of Face Masks on Blood Saturation, Heart Rate, and Effect of Face Masks on Blood Saturation, Heart Rate, and Well-Being Indicators in Health Care Providers Working in Specialized COVID-19 Center. Public Health 2022;19:1397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031397.

Wangsan K, Sapbamrer R, Sirikul W, Panumasvivat J, Surawattanasakul V, Assavanopakun P. Effect of N95 Respirator on Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Physiologic Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Public Health 2022;19:8646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148646.

Hassabi M, Salehi S, Yekta AHA, Qutbi M, Hakakzadeh A, Esfahani MP, et al. Effect of surgical and N95 facial masks on exercise tolerance, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation. Russian Open Medical Journal 2021;11:1–6.

Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Rapone B, Festa F, Tari SR, Lorusso F, et al. Protective Face Masks: Effect on the Oxygenation and Heart Rate Status of Oral Surgeons during Surgery. J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052363.

Melnikov VN, Divert VE, Komlyagina TG, Consedine NS, Krivoschekov SG. Baseline Values of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Parameters Predict Response to Acute Hypoxia in Young Healthy Men. Physiol Res 2017:467–79. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.933328.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NIOSH-approved N95 Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators. Https://WwwCdcGov/Niosh/Npptl/Topics/Respirators/Disp_part/N95list1Html 2021.

Su C-Y, Peng C-Y, Liu H-L, Yeh I-J, Lee C-W, Su C-Y;, et al. Comparison of Effects of N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks to Physiological and Psychological Health among Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413308.

Epstein D, Korytny A, Isenberg Y, Marcusohn E, Zukermann R, Bishop B, et al. Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021;31:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13832.

Karsli E, Atakan Yilmaz ·, Kemancı · Aykut, Canacik O, Mert Ozen ·, Murat Seyit ·, et al. The effect of N95 respirators on vital parameters, PETCO 2 , among healthcare providers at the pandemic clinics. Ir J Med Sci 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03013-x.


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 147 times
PDF - 6 times

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.6.4.2023.309-316

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Shenda Maulina Wulandari, Apriana Rahmawati, Ulfa Nur Rohmah, Harizza Pertiwi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This journal is indexed by:

              

 

View My Stats 

Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang and PPNI Jawa Tengah

Kedungmundu Raya No. 18 Semarang NRC Building Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Phone: 02476740287
Fax: 02476740287
Email: [email protected]