Analysis of Factors Adherence to Safe Injection Practice Procedures among Nurses Healthcare Center Qatar

Injection practices was common medical procedure done by nurses according doctor’s prescription. In nursing process, injection practice is part of nursing intervention, but injection practices was risky for the health care workers. Needle stick injury was happened to the nurses, 18% due disposal of the needle, and 15% while draw the blood for laboratory study. Adherence to the work procedure influence by few behavior factors. Aim of research of the research were to finding out of the factors influence of adherence to safe injection practice among the nurses at healthcare center X Qatar. Type of the research was observational analytic quantities of the analytic description, using cross sectional approach. 9 variable latent with 56 variable indicator. Size of sample were 114 nurses. Data analytic with using PLS-SEM. T-statistic value on variable culture 2.94; environment 1.99; work procedure 3.81 and supervisory 3.10. T-statistic of Individual characteristic, work facility, attitude, and knowledge bellow 1.96. R2 variable adherence were showed 96.05% with Q2 87.07%. Culture, environment, work procedure and supervisory influenced of the adherence safe injection practice among the nurses. (96.05%) variable independent influence of the adherence safe injection practice among the nurses, within 87.07% showed good predicted.


INTRODUCTION
Injection practices was common medical procedure done by nurses according doctor's prescription. Doenges M.E., Moorhouse M.F., Murr A.C., (2014) stated in nursing process, injection practice is part of nursing intervention, but injection practices was risky for the health care workers. Mandal J., (2013) reported needle stick injury was happened to the nurses, 18% due disposal of the needle, and 15% while draw the blood for laboratory study. Gholami, et al., (2013) result studied at Iran, 32% health care worker had experience with the needle stick injury, 45% experience more than twice. 9.7% needle stick injury had reported to the supervisor, with odd ratio 2.4 within shift duty. If the incident of needle stick injury not reportable, will be miss to be investigation and monitoring and also the hepatitis B and HIV exposed from the needle could not be follow up. Some reasons why the incident of needle stick injury not Reinforcing factor such as rule and supervisory from the management, and written procedure have to in place.
Injection procedure is high risk become needle stick injury. When needle stick injury is happen, may infectious disease transmitted or exposed to the nurses. Nursing safe injection practice been implementation, but the incident of needle stick injury still happening. Lack of knowledge, negative attitude and unsafe behavior may influence to adherence to the safe injection practice. According the theory of infection prevention and control and also data empiric needle stick injury, what is contributing factors influence to adherence safe injection practice among nurses in Healthcare facility Qatar?   Purpose of this research were to find out of factors influence adherence safe injection practice among nurses at Healthcare Qatar. Safe injection practice procedure been implemented in this healthcare to make sure all nurses, patient and community safe from the needle hazard. Safe injection practice procedure will guide the nurses to do prevention and control of exposure from the cross infection and prevention of needle stick injury among nurses and minimize abuse of needle by community. Table 1 showed, most of the responder is male (83.3%). It is typical nurses hired by company were the male. Male nurses easy going to response any emergency at the site plant or inside industrial area. Healthcare in industrial area had the ambulance unit, an also sometime the occupational nurse will visit to the workplace to make sure the workplace were healthy condition. Table 1 showed the level education of responder, majority were graduated from bachelor degree (52,6%). 43% still hold diploma level. According new policy from State of Qatar, minimal qualification for healthcare worker must be graduated from bachelor level. Bachelor level had ability to make decision with professionalism.
Sobur Setiaman / Analysis of Factors Adherence to Safe Injection Practice Procedures among Nurses Healthcare Center Qatar

Validity and reliability result
Result of study showed the result of the validity testes mostly above 70%, only the individual characteristics showed AVE value 0.51 but the Cronbach's Alpha showed 61.56%. According some researcher mention if AVE between 0.4 up to 0.7, make sure the validity test above 50% will consider accepted. Table 6 showed the significant test showed if value t-statistic above 1.96 with alpha 0.5 we can conclusion this on significant level. From table no 6 we can see the variable work culture, supervisory, environment and work procedure showed the t-statistic above 1.96, we conclude these variables were significant influence to the adherence safe injection practice. T-statistic individual characteristic, knowledge, attitude and work facility were not significant (bellow 1.96).
R2 variable adherence were showed 96.05% with Q2 87.07%. 96.05% variable of culture, environment, supervisory, and work procedure were influenced of the adherence safe injection practice among the nurses within predictive relative 87.07%.

CONCLUSION
Conclusion of this research had been proof, those variable work culture, supervisory, environment and work procedure showed the t-statistic above 1.96 we conclude these variables were significant influence to the adherence safe injection practice. Variable individual characteristic, knowledge, attitude and work facility were not significant influence to adherence of safe injection practice.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our appreciation to all respondents who participated in this study for valuable assistance during data collection.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Neither of the authors have any conflicts of interests that would bias the findings presented here.
Sobur Setiaman / Analysis of Factors Adherence to Safe Injection Practice Procedures among Nurses Healthcare Center Qatar