1. Article Retraction

At the Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD), we have a commitment to maintaining the integrity of the academic record, so there are times when there is a need to retract articles. An article would be retracted for the following reasons:

• If there are major scientific errors that will invalidate the article's conclusion. An example is when there is evidence that the findings in the article are unreliable either due to an honest error (a miscalculation or experimental error) or as a result of misconduct (data fabrication).
• If the research and resulting findings have already been posted elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, justification, or permission (redundant publication).
• If there are plagiarism issues—the use of words or ideas from another publication without giving credit—or inappropriate authorship.

To make sure that retractions are handled according to the best practices of publication, and in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines, IJD follows the retraction process below:

• Any article that requires potential retraction should be brought to the notice of the journal editor.
• Once this is done, the journal editor follows the guidelines according to the COPE flowcharts, including the evaluation of responses provided by the authors regarding the concerns raised.
• The editor's findings are then consulted with the Editorial Board / Ethics Advisory Board before any formal action is taken. This step ensures a consistent approach in accordance with industry best practices.
• The decision on whether or not the publication will be retracted is communicated to the authors and other relevant bodies, such as the author's affiliated institution, if deemed necessary.
• When the process is concluded, a retraction statement is posted online and published in the next available issue of the journal.

* Note: Even if the author retains copyright for an article, this does not grant the right to unilaterally retract it after publication. The integrity of the public scientific record is paramount, and COPE's Retraction Guidelines strictly apply in such cases.

2. Article Withdrawal

It is not within the jurisdiction of an author to freely withdraw a submitted manuscript once processing has begun. Referees, editors, and editorial staff dedicate substantial time and effort to evaluating and editing submitted manuscripts, making unjustified sudden withdrawals an unnecessary waste of resources. Before an author submits a manuscript through our OJS, the author must acknowledge the following provisions:

3. Article Correction

Issuing a formal correction is considered by IJD under the following circumstances:

• A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication reports flawed data or misleading details arising from an honest error.
• The author/contributor list contains errors (e.g., a qualifying author was inadvertently omitted, or an individual who does not meet authorship criteria was improperly included).

Corrections to peer-reviewed content fall into one of three categories:

• Publisher correction (erratum): Notifies readers of a significant error introduced by journal production/publishing staff that impacts the scientific clarity, publication record, or reputation of the journal or authors.
• Author correction (corrigendum): Notifies readers of an error made directly by the authors that impacts the scientific integrity of the work or the academic record.
• Addendum: An addition submitted by the authors to clarify ambiguities, address inconsistencies, or provide necessary updates/expansion to the original article.

Decisions regarding whether a correction is warranted rest with the journal editors, often in consultation with reviewers or editorial board members. Handling editors will contact the corresponding author for clarification, but the final determination of the correction type and publication rests solely with the editorial team.

4. Article Removal

In rare and extraordinary circumstances, it may be necessary to remove a published article from the online platform. This occurs only if the article is found to be defamatory, infringes upon legal rights or patents, or if compliance with a formal court order is mandated. In such cases, the bibliographic metadata (title, authors, abstract, DOI) will remain accessible, while the full text is replaced with a notification stating that the article has been removed for legal or compliance reasons.

5. Article Replacement

In rare cases where an article contains severe flaws that cannot be rectified by a simple correction, the author and editors may agree to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected version. Under these circumstances, formal retraction procedures are followed; the retraction notice will clearly state the rationale and include a direct link to the newly published, corrected version, complete with a full document version history.