HUBUNGAN ANTARA GOLONGAN DARAH DENGAN RETARDASI MENTAL PADA SISWA DI SLB

Fajar Widhi Atmojo(1), Titik Suerni(2*), Wigyo Susanto(3)


(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Golongan darah adalah sebuah ciri khusus darah berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya substansi antigen (protein, glikoprotein, glikolipid) yang menempel pada permukaan sel darah merah. Dari keempat jenis golongan darah (A, B, O dan AB) memiliki susunan glikoprotein yang berbeda yang diatur dalam sistem alel ganda. Pada retardasi mental ditemukan gen CHRNA7 yang menghambat fungsi protein penting untuk menghantarkan informasi ke otak. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Analitik Observasi dengan menggunakan desain pendekatan Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Total sampling. Data yang diperoleh diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa dari 38 responden, sebagian besar memiliki jenis golongan darah A 42,1% responden, golongan darah O 31,6% responden, golongan darah B 21,1% responden dan golongan darah AB 5,3% responden. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan retardasi mental berat 50,0% responden, retardasi mental sedang 31,6% responden dan retardasi mental ringan 18,4% responden. Golongan darah A sebanyak 68,75% mengalami retardasi mental berat. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Chi-Square  menunjukan nilai P Value = 0,027 (<0,05), maka ada hubungan antara golongan darah dengan retardasi mental pada siswa di SLB Negeri Batang.

 

Kata Kunci: Golongan Darah, Komposisi Glikoprotein, Kelainan Genetik, Retardasi Mental.


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD COLLECTION WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN STUDENTS IN SPECIAL SCHOOL 

ABSTRACT

Blood type is a special feature of blood based on the presence or absence of antigen substances (proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids) that attach to the surface of red blood cells. Of the four types of blood groups (A, B, O and AB) have different arrangements of glycoproteins arranged in a double allele system. In mental retardation the CHRNA7 gene was found which inhibits the function of proteins important for delivering information to the brain. This study is a type of Observational Analytical research using the Cross Sectional approach design. The sampling technique in this study used the Total sampling technique. The data obtained was processed statistically using the Chi-Square test. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that out of 38 respondents, most had blood type A 42.1% of respondents, blood group O 31.6% of respondents, blood group B 21.1% of respondents and blood group AB 5.3% of respondents. The results also showed severe mental retardation of 50.0% of respondents, moderate mental retardation of 31.6% of respondents and mild mental retardation of 18.4% of respondents. Blood type A as many as 68.75% have severe mental retardation. The results of the study with the Chi-Square test showed the value of P Value = 0.027 (<0.05), so there was a relationship between blood groups and mental retardation in students at Batang State Special School. Keywords: Blood Type, Glycoprotein Composition, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.4.2.2016.105-113

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